Proportion of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and The Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus In Indonesia (Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Analysis 2023)

Nadia Vykhanza; Demsa Simbolon; Aisa Nurpadilla; Desty Natalia; Ivonne Valencia Putri; Silvia Miranda; Sudarsi Nadya Putri; Winda Regita Puspita Sari

doi:10.35910/icohpj.v5i0.981

Nadia Vykhanza Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Demsa Simbolon Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Aisa Nurpadilla Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Desty Natalia Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Ivonne Valencia Putri Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Silvia Miranda Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Sudarsi Nadya Putri Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Winda Regita Puspita Sari Department of Nutrition, Bengkulu Ministry of Health Polytechnic, Jalan Indragiri, Padang Harapan, Bengkulu, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35910/icohpj.v5i0.981

Keywords: Fruits and vegatables consumption, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major global health issues due to their high prevalence and impact on morbidity and mortality. A key risk factor for both diseases is an unhealthy diet, particularly low intake of fruits and vegetables. These foods provide essential nutrients that help reduce the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of hypertension and DM in Indonesia, using data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (IHS).

Method: The study used a cross-sectional design from aggregate data from 38 provinces as a result of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. Bivariate analysis uses Pearson and Spearman correlation.

Result: The prevalence of hypertension based on blood pressure measurements was 26.5%. This study showed that infrequent consumption of vegetables and fruits (1-2 servings per day in a week) was significantly positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (r=0.443) and DM (r=0.405), and the proportion of consumption of vegetables and fruits of more than 4 servings per day in a week was negatively related to the prevalence of hypertension (r=-0.205) and DM (r=-0.256). These results suggest that more frequent consumption of vegetables and fruits can reduce the prevalence of DM.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the overall consumption of fruits and vegetables in Indonesia is low, especially in urban areas, contributing to higher rates of hypertension and DM. Policies promoting better nutrition education and healthier food access are essential to reducing the risk of these non-communicable diseases.