Periodontal Disease In Children With Mental Retardation: A Systematic Review

Hendry Boy; Risda Alvia; Hanifah Putri Rahmadeli

doi:10.35910/icohpj.v5i0.1119

Hendry Boy Departement of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jambi, Indonesia
Risda Alvia Departement of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jambi, Indonesia
Hanifah Putri Rahmadeli Departement of Dental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Jambi, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.35910/icohpj.v5i0.1119

Keywords: Mental retardation, Periodontal disease

Abstract

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities (IQ < 70 and impaired adaptive skills) struggle with daily oral hygiene, predisposing them to periodontal disease. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on the prevalence and key determinants of gingivitis and periodontitis in this population.

Method: A systematic review was conducted by reviewing research through English data sources Pub Med, Proquest , Cochran, and Wiley. Four studies were included according to the inclusion criteria.

Result: Across these studies, most participants had periodontal disease, mainly gingivitis and periodontitis. Limited independent hygiene caused by cognitive and physical restrictions was the dominant risk factor. Children whose parents actively supervised brushing and dental visits displayed significantly healthier periodontal status.

Conclusion: Functional limitations expose intellectually disabled children to a high risk of periodontal disease; consistent parental involvement is essential for maintaining their oral health.